{"id":10478,"date":"2023-01-17T15:13:51","date_gmt":"2023-01-17T19:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/?p=10478"},"modified":"2023-01-20T17:20:29","modified_gmt":"2023-01-20T21:20:29","slug":"expert-report-writing-101","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/2023\/01\/17\/expert-report-writing-101\/","title":{"rendered":"Expert report writing 101"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Most disputes are settled out of court these days &#8211; I&#8217;ve seen more than 90% mentioned &#8211; and many of these are based on a forensic investigation and the expert&#8217;s report.  This means the report is an important forensic task.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The report is written for the judicial process even though it doesn&#8217;t often go that far.  This means a report for non-technical people.  One that must be <em>easy to read and understand <\/em>the findings of the investigation.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s easy to write a report like this with the help that&#8217;s out there.  My review of the literature produced the following list of characteristics of a well written expert report:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol id=\"block-5b99c098-a069-43f8-ad10-2997a433fb35\"><li>Short, concrete words<\/li><li>Declarative sentences<\/li><li>Sequential sentences<\/li><li>Thin paragraphs; not fat<\/li><li>Few adverbs; almost none<\/li><li>Few adjectives<\/li><li>Jargon-free language<\/li><li>Visually appealing pages<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ve found over time that writing <em>sequential sentences<\/em> was tough enough. These are sentences where each picks up on a word or thought in the former, enlarges on it, and slowly tells the story of the forensic investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guidance on writing doesn&#8217;t get any better than <em>On Writing Well, The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction <\/em>2006 by William Zinsser.  The principles identified by the author also apply to expert reports. (Ref. 1) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This book by an American went to seven (7) editions before he went over the rainbow bridge in 2015.  At the time he got a half page profile in one of Canada&#8217;s national newspapers, The Globe and Mail.  Impressive.  He urged <em>clarity, simplicity, brevity<\/em> and <em>humanity<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or guidance get any better than <em>How to Write an Expert Witness Report<\/em>, 2014 by Mangraviti, James J. et al &#8211; as long as you remember it provides guidance for American experts. (Ref. 2) Pick and chose the best advice and you&#8217;ll be well guided in another way to that by Zinsser.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If your expert does no more than read the eight page Executive Summary by Mangraviti, et al instead of all 560 pages, s\/he will write a good expert report, helped by Zinsser.  There are also some good paragraphs and sections in other chapters.  But, be careful of some emphasis in this reference &#8211; the American way &#8211; on how to make your report <em>powerful<\/em> and <em>persuasive<\/em>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sorry, but you weren&#8217;t retained to <em>persuade<\/em> and<em> impress<\/em>. You&#8217;re there to tell the reader in an <em>objective<\/em> way about your thorough forensic investigation, no more, no less: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>The tasks you carried out during your forensic investigation,<\/li><li>Why you carried out each task,<\/li><li>The data you got from each, <\/li><li>What you did during your analysis of the data, <\/li><li>How the data from each task pointed to a cause,<\/li><li>How the data from different tasks supported the data from others on a possible cause(s),<\/li><li>What you found when you followed the evidence,<\/li><li>How the cause of the failure or accident began to come into focus, off in the distance,<\/li><li>The conclusions arising from your analysis, and, <\/li><li>Your opinion on cause arising from your conclusions.  <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>I have found over the years that writing well results in better analysis of data, like in &#8220;<em>thinking on paper<\/em>&#8220;.  A nice fringe benefit of writing expert reports well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The guidance in <em>Zinsser<\/em> and <em>Mangraviti, Jr.<\/em> et al will also ensure you meet the requirements of civil procedure rules governing experts, like Rule 55 in Nova Scotia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is as far as you need to go in expert report writing.  You don&#8217;t need to go beyond Expert Report Writing 101.  What&#8217;s out there will get you in trouble, particularly the American way.  Keep it simple like in the lists above and keep the disputes out of court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol id=\"block-2b96774d-0695-44b0-9360-9b99d0ecb5a3\"><li>Zinsser, William, <em>On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction<\/em>, 7th edition, Harper Collins Publishers New York 2006<\/li><li>Mangraviti, Jr., James J., Babitsky, Steven and Donovan, Nadine Nasser, <em>How to Write An Expert Witness Report<\/em>, SEAK, Inc., Falmouth, MA 2014 <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol id=\"block-2b96774d-0695-44b0-9360-9b99d0ecb5a3\"><li>Strunk, Jr., William and White, E. B., <em>The Elements of Style<\/em>, 4th ed.  Allan and Bacon 2000.                                                                                              Zinsser was inspired by this book, a book about pointers and admonitions: Do this. Don&#8217;t do that.  What it didn&#8217;t address was how to apply those principles.  How to write about people and places, science and technology, etc.  That&#8217;s what Zinsser does in his book, <em>On Writing Well.<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(Posted by Eric E. Jorden, M.Sc., P.Eng. Consulting Professional Engineer, Forensic Engineer, Geotechnology Ltd., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. January 17, 2023 <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">ejorden@eastlink.ca<\/span><\/strong>)&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most disputes are settled out of court these days &#8211; I&#8217;ve seen more than 90% mentioned &#8211; and many of these are based on a forensic investigation and the expert&#8217;s report. This means the report is an important forensic task. &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/2023\/01\/17\/expert-report-writing-101\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10478"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10478"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10594,"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10478\/revisions\/10594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ericjorden.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}